Private Pilot (Airplane) - Normal Approach and Landing Lesson Plan
The Private Pilot (Airplane) - Normal Approach and Landing Lesson Plan covers the knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with emphasis on proper use and coordination of flight controls.
Private Pilot (Airplane) - Normal Approach and Landing Lesson Plan Introduction
Private Pilot (Airplane) - Normal Approach and Landing Lesson Plan Introduction Introduction
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Attention Getter:
- Research a mishap case study:
- Discuss how the initial conditions developed into an incident/accident/mishap.
- Relate similar personal experiences of the same type of incident/accident/mishap.
- Consider incorporating a case study as a guided scenario.
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Motivator:
- Normal aircraft landings are the most basic of all landing procedures/maneuvers.
- The purpose of this maneuver is to safely execute a landing under normal conditions (i.e., hard surface, minimal wind, plenty of available landing distance).
- Normal landings are closely related to the performance of flight at minimum controllable airspeeds.
- While this procedure is for normal landing, assuming the wind is blowing right down the runway, that will almost never be the case.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan Materials
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Required Materials:
- Writing instrument (pen, marker, etc.).
- Writing surface (paper, whiteboard, etc.).
- Weight and Balance worksheet.
- Pilot Information/Operating Handbook.
- Airman Certification Standards.
- Student jacket.
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Optional Materials:
- Personal Weather Minimums Worksheet.
- Instructor endorsement log.
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Reference Materials:
- Federal Aviation Regulations Part 91.
- Federal Aviation Regulations Part 93.
- Aeronautical Information Manual.
- Risk Management Handbook.
- Airplane Flying Handbook.
- Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbook.
- Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
- Airman Certification Standards:
- Hard copies of the ACS and Oral Exam Guides are available on Amazon.
- Digital copies of the ACS are available on the FAA's website.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan Instructor Actions
- Before the lesson, review reference materials.
- Part 1, Introduce the lesson:
- Review the lesson plan, including the attention-getter and motivator.
- Review the airman certification standards.
- Introduce normal approach and landing.
- Part 2, Factors Impacting Climb Performance:
- Introduce surface wind impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings performance, including determining wind direction with or without visual indicators.
- Introduce wind shear impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings performance.
- Introduce wake turbulence considerations during go-arounds/rejected landings.
- Introduce outside air temperature and field elevation/density altitude impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings performance.
- Introduce runway surface condition impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings.
- Introduce runway slope impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings.
- Introduce gross weight center of gravity impacts and to go-arounds/rejected landings.
- Introduce power settings impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings.
- Introduce flight profile impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings.
- Introduce note strut slope impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings.
- Introduce tire pressure impacts to go-arounds/rejected landings.
- Review stabilized approaches.
- Part 2, Go-Around/Rejected Landing Situations:
- Introduce go-around/rejected landing situations.
- Part 3, Go-Around/Rejected Landings Procedure:
- Introduce go-around-rejected-landing procedure.
- Introduce delayed performance.
- Part 4, Go-Around/Rejected Landings Risk Management:
- Introduce go-around/rejected landing decision making.
- Review power-on stalls.
- Review elevator trim stalls.
- Part 4, Guided Scenario:
- Part 5, Conclude Lesson:
- Relate lesson to power-on stalls.
- Present the remotivation, conclude, and provide guidance for follow-on lessons.
- Review student actions required ahead of the next lesson.
- Update instructor endorsement records and the student's jacket, as required.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan Guided Scenario(s)
- Discuss the purpose of an conditions which warrant a normal takeoff and climb procedure.
- Conduct a weight and balance calculation for the day.
- Conduct a takeoff distance calculation for the day, noting where takeoff should occur in reference to the airport runways (save for later in lesson)
- Provide simulated variables that cover different airfield elevations (takeoff distance), temperatures, surface conditions, and winds for subsequent calculations and discuss on how they effect takeoff and climb performance.
- Conduct a normal takeoff and compare actual rotation location to calculated location.
- Discuss how crosswind takeoffs.
- How do control inputs change as the aircraft accelerates?
- How does the pilot manage the liftoff/transition to climb?
- Discuss rejecting the takeoff in the rain/snow.
- How would rejecting a takeoff on a wet runway change a pilot's action?
- How would performance change?
- Discuss an engine failure on takeoff roll, just after takeoff, and while in the climb.
- How does a pilot recognize loss of performance? What is normal RPM expected?
- How do pilot options change as the aircraft gains altitude?
- Discuss the importance of checking for aircraft on final before taxiing onto the runway.
- What are some reasons pilots may be on final without other pilots otherwise knowing?
- Discuss hazards by providing an example of taking off after a larger aircraft (windshear).
- Discuss minimum safe altitudes.
- Describe minimum safe altitudes for a given area?
- Discuss how minimum safe altitudes apply to takeoff/airport operations?
- Discuss reasons where Vx and Vy would be most appropriate for climbout.
- Discuss risk in climb (power-on stall) as well as terrain avoidance being low altitude, nose-high, high workload.
- Discuss why noise abatement procedures exist and where to find them.
- Have student locate noise abatement procedures for the local or a nearby airport.
- Related scenarios:
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan Student Actions
- Complete the assigned readings (see content above).
- Ask pertinent questions.
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate.
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Airman Certification Standards
- Objective: To determine whether the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with go-around/rejected landing with emphasis on factors that contribute to landing conditions that may require a go-around
- References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2 (Risk Management Handbook), FAA-H-8083-3 (Airplane Flying Handbook), FAA-H-8083-23 (Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbook), FAA-H-8083-25 (Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge); POH/AFM
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates an understanding of:-
PA.IV.N.K1:
A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts. -
PA.IV.N.K2:
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and density altitude, on a go-around or rejected landing. -
PA.IV.N.K3:
Wind correction techniques on takeoff/departure and approach/landing.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Risk Management:
The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risks associated with:-
PA.IV.N.R1:
Delayed recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected landing. -
PA.IV.N.R2:
Delayed performance of a go-around at low altitude. -
PA.IV.N.R3:
Power application. -
PA.IV.N.R4:
Configuring the airplane. -
PA.IV.N.R5:
Collision hazards. -
PA.IV.N.R6:
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). -
PA.IV.N.R7:
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation. -
PA.IV.N.R8:
Runway incursion. -
PA.IV.N.R9:
Managing a go-around/rejected landing after accepting a LAHSO clearance.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skills to:-
PA.IV.N.S1:
Complete the appropriate checklist(s). -
PA.IV.N.S2:
Make radio calls as appropriate. -
PA.IV.N.S3:
Make a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. -
PA.IV.N.S4:
Apply takeoff power immediately and transition to climb pitch attitude for Vx or Vy as appropriate +10/-5 knots. -
PA.IV.N.S5:
Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer’s instructions. -
PA.IV.N.S6:
Maneuver to the side of the runway/landing area when necessary to clear and avoid conflicting traffic. -
PA.IV.N.S7:
Maintain VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude. -
PA.IV.N.S8:
Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb. -
PA.IV.N.S9:
Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Go-Around/Rejected Landing Lesson Plan Conclusion
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Re-Motivation:
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Closure:
- The FAA provides test-taking guidance and test guides on its website.
- To learn more about earning the practical test, visit the checkride page.
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson.
- Assign study materials for the next lesson.